Evaluation of the Fractal Dimension of a Crystal :: Chemistry Chemical Papers

Evaluation of the Fractal Dimension of a CrystalAbstract The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of voltage and molarity changes on the fractal holding of a Cu crystal formed by the re-dox reaction between Cu and CuSO4. Using the introductory information obtained from research, the fractal geometry of the Cu crystals was intractable for each inured of parameters. Through the analysis of data, it was determined that the fractal dimension is directly related to the voltage. The data also shows that the molarity is inversely related to the fractal dimension, but through research this was determined to be an error. Introduction A fractal is a geometric pattern that is repeated indefinitely that it cannot be represented with typical mathematics. Fractals can be seen in personality in the way minerals develop over time, the manner in which trees limbs shoot from the trunk, and the development of the human body (i.e. the lungs)1. These fra ctals determine a way to attempt to alter the randomness of the universe via probability and theories regarding diffusion and intermolecular attractions. The way dimensions in typical geometry are the typical 0-D, 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D. However, much matter does not fit these base categories. A great example is a snowflake. If the negligible depth of a snowflake were ignored, it would be considered a 2-D objective. However this is not completely true. A 2-D object can always be described by a finite number of tiles all in the same plane, because the snowflake cannot be described with plainly planes and also requires lines, it can be assumed it possesses properties of both a 1-D and 2-D object. A snowflake can be loosely approximated as a 1.5-D object. This is fractal dimension of the object. In order to determine a more exact fractal dimension of an object, smaller and smaller pieces are zoomed in upon and used to determine a rough approximation of the amount of pieces that exhibit the same pattern (self-similarity) as the whole object. The relationship between the zoom and self similarity of the object determine the fractal dimension

The Need for International Labor Standards Essay -- Economy Economics

The Need for International Labor StandardsThe statesman, who should attempt to direct offstage people in what way of life they ought to employ their capitals, would not only load himself with a most unnecessary attention, but assume an authority which could safely be trusted, not only to no single person, but to no single council or senate whatever, and which would nowhere be so dangerous as in the custody of a man who had folly and presumption enough to fancy himself fit to exercise it (Smith, 1776 456)IntroductionThere is no question that the combination of the free commercialize and rapidly advancing technologies has integrated the world economy to a level unsurpassed in history. In the quote that begins this chapter, Adam Smith asserts that government hindrance in this free market is not only disruptive but also dangerous. However, it is essential that market forces be directed in a manner that is beneficial to on the job(p) people as well as the owners of large capital int erests. Countries that habitually ignore cranch rights should not be permitted to enjoy unjust trading advantages at the expense of their workers. Although Smith feels that governmental or supragovernmental intervention is harmful, it is essential that the rapid growth of free markets be tempered with compassion for those who be fueling this expansion. While there are a great multitude of organizations and laws that protect the interests of corporations, there is very little to protect the worlds working people. Smith, being an economist, is content to merely look at the macroeconomic picture without examining the human side of the situation. It is my thesis that the United States should make functioning and enforceable labor standards an integral part o... ...titution. http//www.ilo.org/public/english/overview/iloconst.htmpreRegional Employment Prograe for Latin America and the Caribbean. 1978. Employment in Latin America. New York Praeger Publishers. Ramos, Joseph R. 1970. Lab or and Development in Latin America. New York Columbia University Press.Smith, Adam. 1976. 1776. An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Indianapolis The Liberty Fund.U.S. Tariff Act of 1930. 1999. http//www.ita.doc.gov/import_admin/records/apo/title7.htmVan Grasstek, Craig. 1999. Labor Rights. In Miguel Rodriguez Mendoza, et. al. 1999. Trade Rules in the Making. Washington, D.C. The Brookings Institution.World Trade Organization. 1999. The WTO Agreements. http//www.wto.org/wto/inbrief/inbr03.htmWorld Trade Organization. 1999. The WTO in Brief. http//www.wto.org/wto/inbrief/inbr00.htm

The Egyptian Culture Reflected in Worship Essay -- Egypt

The Egyptian Culture Reflected in WorshipMuch of our acquaintance about ancient Egyptian culture is based on elaborate worship rituals related to death and the afterlife. Egyptians were devoted to their gods and to their pharaohs who were gods on macrocosm, as demonstrated by their willingness to build the pyramids for the safe passage of their leaders into the afterlife.Understanding the development of Egyptian society and their theological system requires a basic knowledge of the geography of the area. The Nile River vale and Nile Delta, circa 4000-5000 BCE, was comprised of about 12,000 square miles of arable land. The villages and towns of ancient Egypt were found up and down the length of the Nile with most of the population living below the First Cataract (located approximately at take day Aswan).The Egyptians were accomplished farmers. They k bleak the Nile would flood each year and bring new life and abundant grain. The Niles flooding was predictable and left rich new depo sits of silt for new crops, making irrigation easy to plan. A basin irrigation system allowed the flood waters to flow gently into each field, cleansing and renewing the earth each year.The virtual isolation of the Nile Valley allowed Egyptian civilization to develop unthreatened by its neighbors. The Mediterranean Sea lay to the north, vast deserts were found to the eastern hemisphere and west, and dense jungle lay to the south. An invader would carry to be quite determined to brave the elements that protected the Nile Valley civilization.Since Egyptian civilization was a product, in many ways, of the natural forces that surrounded its people, the people looked to nature to explain the unexplainable. Egyptian gods were depicted as wise, caring, predicta... ...ring the shadow land that was the double of the Nile Delta. No famine or sorrows bothered him in this blessed afterlife. If his heart weighed too heavy, he would be thrown to the animal gods who tear him to shreds.The hiero glyphs left by the priests of ancient Egypt were meant to provide the curtly with a guide to the afterlife, to instruct the Ka what it should do in every test as it navigated the after world. Those same hieroglyphs have done much more. They have provided present day scholars with an amazing record of a culture that existed thousands of years ago and some insight into the minds of the people who lived in that culture. Through those ancient writings we have come to know how the ancient Egyptians worshiped, how they viewed their leaders, how they thought they should relate to one another, and how they viewed their role in this life and the next one.

A Graduation Certificate Can Get You in the Door :: Work Skills Competency Essays

Good Work Ensures Employment SuccessWith increased attention to skill standards and worker certification, people tend to allot their qualifications solely in relationship to the occupational skills they have acquired. This publication addresses the myth that skill competencies alone ensure employment and discusses the value of continuous learning, emotional intelligence, networking, flexibility, and consignment to business objectives as former(a) keys to workplace success.A Graduation Certificate Can Get You in the DoorAlthough it is true that academic degrees, skill certifications, and other documentation of accomplishments provide access to employment, they atomic number 18 signifi crumbt only at the time of the job offer and its acceptance. Skills that a person has today may be obsolete tomorrow knowledge that has current significance to ordination may be insignificant in the future. Technology is the most obvious example. Routine functions such(prenominal) as inventory contr ol, customer profiling, machine calibration, and document publishing are now assumed by technology. Workers who previously performed these functions have had to learn new skills such as how to operate the machines that have taken over these tasks and how to use technology to streamline their work efforts.Continuous learning is the key to the transition role that ensures a worker of ongoing employment. Workers must be continually striving to keep their skills up to date, technologically current, and relevant to their employing organizations. As more of the routine tasks of the job are performed by machines, as cyclical patterns influence the numbers of workers that employers need in a given month, and as global competition drives companies to be more exist effective, workers must develop skills that will enable them to work across departments of their companies. They must be continually assessing ways in which they can prepare for work their employers and society will need them to p erform in the future. Participation in cross-training programs is another strategy for enhancing job security and success. Worker cross-training is becoming a common exert in business and industry, adopted as a means of coping with reduced staffing and increased worker mobility. In the recreational vehicle industry where it is severe to recruit people who have relevant skills, for example, the cross-training of dealers makes it easier for owners to appoint these employees to management positions when resignations occur (Packard 1999). Cross-trained workers can reap significant benefits from such company-provided training programs as well as from involvement in community-based service organizations. Sometimes outside activities and volunteer work can help you become more layoff-proof by providing opportunities to develop expertise that you can bring back to the company (Lieber 1996, p.

The Melting Pot Theory :: immigration in America

The Melting Pot TheoryIn the 1800s and the early 1900s, some good deal gave the America the name, the melting pot. lot imagined this because thousands and thousands of immigrants coming from around the world were coming into the United States in hope of a better life. So most people imagined that all these different cultures were be poured into a giant pot called America, heated to a low boil and molded into one kind of person. If one steps back and thinks about this theory, it isnt entirely true. In fact, its not really true at all. If one takes a closer look at America today, one sees millions of people labeled Americans but not by how they act, what religions they practice and what kind of foods they eat but where they are born. total opposites. Now all Americans must be open to speak English, or at least bad English, and they must also follow the laws set fourth by out four fathers, but no two Americans are alike. Take San Francisco for example. Twenty years ago, it was the c enter for the hippie movement, but just down the street from Haight and Ashbury there is a place called china Town. A place placed filled with Chinese Americans, shops and temples that could be easily mistaken for buildings only found in China . In Ohio, one could advert a Caucasian farmer, a African American businessman, an Amish family or even a reporter who has a strong German background all in the same day. So many different people living in concert in one piece of land. Now, after taking a closer look, no one really melted together to make just one kind of person. But what did they do? One could say that the English man could be symbolized as lettuce, Africans as black olives, Germans as radishes, Italians as tomatoes and so on and so forth making a giant salad. All different kinds of fruits and vegetables tossed together in a bowl to create one dish.

The Melting Pot Theory :: immigration in America

The Melting Pot TheoryIn the 1800s and the earlyish 1900s, some people gave the America the name, the melting pot. People imagined this because thousands and thousands of immigrants coming from around the world were coming into the United States in hope of a better life. So most people imagined that all these different cultures were being poured into a giant pot called America, heated to a low boil and molded into one shape of person. If one steps back and thinks about this theory, it isnt entirely true. In fact, its not really true at all. If one takes a juxtaposed look at America today, one sees millions of people labeled Americans but not by how they act, what religions they practice and what kind of foods they eat but where they are born. jibe opposites. Now all Americans must be able to speak English, or at least bad English, and they must also follow the laws set quarter by out four fathers, but no two Americans are alike. Take San Francisco for example. Twenty years ago, it was the center for the hippie movement, but just down the street from Haight and Ashbury there is a place called China Town. A place placed filled with Chinese Americans, shops and temples that could be easily mistaken for buildings only institute in China . In Ohio, one could meet a Caucasian farmer, a African American businessman, an Amish family or even a reporter who has a strong German background all in the same day. So many different people living together in one office of land. Now, after taking a closer look, no one really melted together to make just one kind of person. But what did they do? One could say that the English man could be symbolized as lettuce, Africans as black olives, Germans as radishes, Italians as tomatoes and so on and so forth making a giant salad. All different kinds of fruits and vegetables tossed together in a bowl to create one dish.

Swot of Ibm 2009

IBM SWOT Analysis Strengths Since IBM was founded in 1896, it has gone through a actually long experience in the technological industry with a very strong brand name. The company has a wide range of products to assemblage and attract different customer needs and to maintain its private-enterprise(a) dumbfound. IBM in 2009 was considered as one of the largest and most profitable computer services company in the world with a market capital of about $119 billion and 319,000 employees speeded in one hundred fifty countries around the world.The company in 2009 has made a good cut of the cost structure while at the same time the company was achieving a good increase in the revenues. The company invested in the IT by outsourcing it completely to India just to compete more effectively in the IT services and to rebuild its competitive advantage. The company was concentrating a lot in the high value added business. Weaknesses In 2009 IBM announced 5,000 job cuts in the United States whi ch was accounted for around 4% of the workforce in United Sates . This move could probably hurt the companys external image.Also could be one of the companys weaknesses is that, the company was facing very high operating costs. The company also is not investing a lot in the low end products. Opportunities The company needs to maintain its position in the market and to attract more customers. Also IBM has the opportunity to lead the market in many segments by investing more in the R&D and to generate innovative ideas. Many customers perceive IBM as an old brand in which they have the opportunity to rebuild its brand image to appeal to the younger generation, could by investing in the electronic games or the mobile phones.The company has a good opportunity to start design green products dodge that protects the environment and cut good percentage of the costs. IBM can develop a customized hardware & software for the key customers. Threats Probably one of the main threats that IBM is fa cing today, is the exploitation competitors that make a real threat for the company and those competitors who are able to create cheaper products and make more a considerable profit. The technological products are changing quickly and make the life cycle of these products much shorter. Also the economical fluctuations impose a real threat on the company of losing profits.

Earned value management Essay

What is meant by an integrative project anxiety process and why is this so important? What are the pitfalls if such an approach is not taken? The main goal of the integrative project management process is to take a project and design it around the specific needs of a company. This process can some sequences force companies to change how they conduct business, who they advertise too and how they extract new customers. What makes the integrative project management so important to companies is success. When a company spends millions of dollars to implement a new strategy, they want to ensure things go smoothly, curiously if they are changing the direction of their business.These projects can take a bit longer to complete because the project manager will aim to take the epoch to get to know the company, and how the conduct business, but in the end a business is usually to a greater extent successful if they use an integrative project management strategy. When companies dont follow t his stringy, and go with a generic project template it usually ends up wasting time, money and resources. The final project, even though it is complete wont meet their needs and usually more money is spent on small adjustments to finalize the project. I see this at work all the time, now one ever looks at our computer system as a whole, and designs a plan around what we already have in place. This can become frustrating because we end up with three and four different networks, and none of them ever seem to work correctly.Why is the handed-down project management approach less effective when project field is not clearly understood? Provide examples to illustrate your points. Our text refers to the triple timidity of chain, schedule, and budget. Its a triple timidity in the sense that variability on any one of the constraints affects the other two. Effective project management moldiness maintain scope, schedule and budget in a relative equilibrium or balance. That is, scope chang e, either to expand or contract it, will by necessity affect schedule and budget.For example, if an organization wants to make more narrow the scope of a project that is underway, it should require fewer resources and/or less time to accomplish. On the other hand, if the organization wants to expand the scope, it will have a direct effect on resources and schedule in that it will require more resources to finish on schedule, or the schedule will have to slip to accommodate finite resources spread across more project tasks. If project scope is poorly or improperly defined at project initiation, the schedule and budget will also be less valid because of the triple constraint nature of scope, schedule, and budget.Later in the project management timeline when additional requirements may expand the scope, schedule and budget will be impacted. For example, when a former employer was proviso a new downtown office building as a company headquarters, they expanded the scope of the project t o include a retail obtain and restaurant area. This necessitated arrangements with the city government to expand an adjacent public parking structure and allow a below-street-level tunnel between the building and the parking structure. This scope change resulted in a six-month schedule slip and required additional resources. Wk1 summary (Monday)Typical first week rather steep curve as the learning teams form, I get into a battle rhythm so I can meet my individual and team requirements, and I figure forth what software/tools I need to get the work done. This is only my second online course, and I am reminded that one of the advantages of being a show student in a particular cohort is that the learning teams stay more or less intact from one course to the next, and we can really hit the ground running. Online is a different dynamic.Reading load is okay so far I have some familiarity with the material since I have been working in a project environment for some time now.

Economics Commentary †Russian Quota on US Pork and Indian Government Tax on cars Essay

A quota is a physical limit on the number or value of goods that crumb be imported into a country. This is peerless of the fewer protectionist measures that countries in order to protect their own national industries and is a measure that has been taken up by Russia, as checkn in the article.Russia has minify its quota for American porc from 750,000 tonnes to 600,000 tonnes. This is because Russia wishes to become more self-sufficient in producing pork and thus improve their pork industry. As said in the article, this result be a large blow to the American producers of pork who already trying to recover from poor demand and m acetary values, as well as high input costs. The launch of this reduced quota can be seen in Fig.1 below.As can be seen, the quota has been decreased from QD2-QS2 at a value of 750,000 tonnes to QD3-QS3 at a value of 600,000 tonnes. The deadweight loss (represented by the shaded area) has, as a result, maturationd from ABC to EBD and this is partly wh ere the problem of quotas lies. The shaded area represents the inefficiency of the domestic producers and by decreasing the number of US exports coming in, they are increase the reliance on domestic producers who may be more inefficient in comparison to the American producers.What could be potentially seen is an increased loss of knowledge domain efficiency as the domestic producers would produce pork for higher minimum revenue than the American producers. Furthermore, QD3-QD2 tonnes of pork are not now consumed (150,000 tonnes) and this is a decline in the consumer surplus, which is the surplus inferior gained by consumers from paying a price that is raze than that which they are prepared to pay. However, there are advantages to the quota for domestic producers.The initial quota allowed domestic producers to supply 0-QS1 and QS2-QD2 tonnes of pork at a price of WP+Quota. This quota meant that their revenue had increased that they will see their revenue increased further with the implementation of the lower quota. This is because they will be able to supply 0-QS1, QS2-QD2 and QS3-QD3 at a price of WP+ Decreased Quota. Foreign producers will now supply their quota of QS1-QS2 and receive a price of WP+ Decreased Quota. This should usually result in a fall in income, which would be detrimental to the American producers who are already suffering economic difficulties, but in theory this does not have to be.An alternative option that could be used by the Russian governing is a duty. This is a tax that is aerated on imported goods would cause the world supply curve to shift upwards because it would be placed on the American producers as opposed to the Russia producers. The effect of a tariff can be seen below. The advantage of a tariff is that whilst the deadweight loss (shaded in red) of caused by the tariff would be the same as the one caused by a quota, the Russian government would receive a revenue equal to C. Furthermore, the revenue of domestic, Russian producers would increase by A+B+C, though the revenue of foreign, American producers will fall by C. However, there will be a fall in consumer surplus by D, due to the extra pork that will not be purchased resulting in a deadweight loss of public assistance. However, as stated before, this would be the same if a quota is used.Furthermore, the implementation of a tariff is less likely to lead to the creation of a black market. This is because with an import quota there is a chance that there will be massive shortages of pork. Therefore, lamentable organisations would see smuggling pork as a lucrative business opportunity. However, with a tariff such shortages are unlikely as it does not solidification a limit on the number of products imported. That being said, if a tariff is set at an unreasonably high rate so there is be quiet a chance that a black market will open up.Nevertheless either form of protectionism has its disadvantages. Firstly, it leads to less choice for consume rs and the lowered competition will see domestic firms become inefficient without any in centive to minimise costs. Moreover, protectionism distorts comparative advantage and this leads to the inefficient use of resources thus leading to reduced distinction and a reduced potential level of the worlds output. Indeed protectionism could potentially damage economic growth.INDIAN CAR TAXExternalities occur when the custom or production of a good or service has a spill over effect on a triplet party. If an externality is prejudicious, then this spill over effect is in some way harmful. Therefore there has to be an external cost i.e. one that is borne by a third party, to add to the private costs of the producer or consumer in order to calculate the full cost to society.In the article, the negative externalities which are occurring in newborn Delhi, India stem from traffic congestion and air pollution. Fig.1 below shows the external costs of using cable cars.As seen in Fig.1, consum ers will enjoy some of the private benefits of car become but there will be external costs in the form of air pollution and traffic congestion. Consumers maximise their private utility and consume at the level where MPC=MSC=MPB thus leading to over-consumption of vehicle travel by driving Q25, 000 vehicles at a price of 25,000 rupees. As can be seen in Fig.1, the socially efficient output, i.e. when the full opportunity cost of an extra unit is equal to the value placed by society on its consumption or production, is Q*, as a result there is over-consumption of Q25, 000 to Q*. Furthermore, as a result of MSC being greater than MSB, there is a welfare loss to society. This is an example of market failure.In order to combat the make of the vehicle use, the Indian government is charging citizens in New Delhi who own more than one car and are implementing a congestion fee. Two-wheelers that cost above 25,000 rupees will be taxed at a rate of four per cent whilst cars priced up to 6 la kh (600,000 rupees) will be increased to the same rate. Those costing between 6 and 10 lakh will be charged seven per cent tax. The effect that the increased tax should have on the use of two-wheeled vehicles is seen in Fig.2.As seen in Fig.2, the implementation of a tax will see the MPC curve move upwards to MPC + tax = MSC + tax. This will reduce consumption to the socially efficient output of Q* but the price will increase to 25,000 rupees plus tax. Therefore the government should receive more revenue which could be then used to further tackle the externalities.However, a problem that the Indian government will face is the fact that the demand for vehicle travel may be price inelastic. Therefore, the amount of people who will forgo vehicle travel will be insignificant and the quantity demanded will not fall to the socially efficient level. There are alternatives to congestion fees and taxes, with advertising being an example. The Indian government could fund positive advertising for substitute goods such as public transport or bicycles thus decreasing the consumption of vehicle travel. sensation of the problems with this firmness of purpose is that the costs may be high and so taxes would have to be in place. Moreover, people may not care about the effects of vehicle travel and will therefore continue with their current mode of travel.Another solution could be for the government to restrict the number of driving licences. This is in effect a quota that would essentially see a decrease in the number of cars on the road. However, the problem of who to allocate these licences to arise and this could prove unpopular. Another alternative solution could be to heavily advertise public transport. This may reduce the number of cars on the road and would therefore see a reduction in the negative externalities created. However, for this to work, people would have to heed the advertisements advice and as it would not be compulsory, people may neither listen nor care t o change their method of transportation.Overall, it looks like the Indian governments decision to implement a car tax and congestion fee is the most viable solution because it is less likely to disaffect the citizens of New Delhi when compared to curfews and is also more likely to see a decrease in consumption when compared to advertising.

Financial Statements Essay

What does the Consolidated Statements of Earnings the income relation tell you about the company? Why is this statement important? What business decisions could be do using the income statement? What does the vestibular sense sheet tell you about the company? Why isthe balance sheet important? What business decisions could be do using the balance sheet? What does the statement of cash flows tell you about the company? What business decisions could be made using the statement of cash flows?What nurture is provided in the statements that will assist you in making these business decisions? What information is not provided that could assist in managerial decision making?Format your melodic theme consistent with APA guidelines.Business business relationshipUsing Home Depot, Inc. 2008 Annual Report located in Appendix A of the text, Fundamentals of Financial Accounting , wangle a 1,050-1,750-word paper in which you answer the following questionsWhat does the income statement tell you about the company? Why is this statement important? What business decisions could be made using the income statement?What does the balance sheet tell you about the company? Why is the balance sheet important? What business decisions could be made using the balance sheet?What does the statement of cash flows tell you about the company? What business decisions could be made using the statement of cash flows?What information is provided in the statements that will assist you in making these business decisions? What information is not provided that could assist in managerFollow the link to get tutorial https//bitly.com/12BS8dDWhen you are traveling far from home for college, determine whether you should bring your vehicle or leave it home. In areas of high population, free parking spaces can be embarrassing to find. Also, if you have a car on campus, you will have to pay for regular maintenance as well as insurance and gas. Business AccountingUsing Home Depot, Inc. 2008 Annual Report located in Appendix A of the text, Fundamentals of Financial Accounting , prepare a 1,050-1,750-word paper in which you answer the following questionsWhat does the income statement tell you about the company? Why is this statement important? What business decisions could be made using the income statement?What does the balance sheet tell you about the company? Why is the balance sheet important? What business decisions could be made using the balance sheet?What does the statement of cash flows tell you about the company? What business decisions could be made using the statement of cash flows?What information is provided in the statements that will assist you inmaking these business decisions? What information is not provided that could assist in managerial decision making?

Employment and Trade Unions Essay

Assignment on industrial Relations in Bangladesh Submitted To Professor Dr. Moniruzzaman Course Teacher Dept Business Administration Stamford University Bangladesh Submitted by Submitted duration Date 10/04/2014 Letter of Transmittal April 10, 2014 Professor Dr. Moniruzzaman De scatterment of Business Administration Stamford University Bangladesh. Subject Submission of concealnship Report. Dear Sir, It is a great pleasure and fringe benefit to present the report titled Industrial Relations in Bangladesh which was assigned to me as a part for the competition of MBA Program.Throughout the study I baffle tried with the best of my capacity to accommodate as much in seduceation and relevant issues as possible and tried to follow the instructions as you get down suggested. I tried my best to make this report as much informative as possible. I sincerely believe that it will satisfy your requirements. I however sincerely believe that this report will serve the purpose of my course (Indu strial Relation). I am grateful to you for your guidance and kind co-operation at any step of my endeavor on this report. My effort will be reworded just now if it adds value to the research literature.Introduction One of the major functions of human resource commission is to maintain smooth industrial relations (IR). It is also treated as one of the oldest functions of HRM. It is basically allied with the relations among the employer and the workers in the industry (Singh & Kumar, 2011 3). gibe to Weeratunga (20035) Industrial Relations or Labor Relations, the terms used interchangeably, can be viewed as the interaction amid the various resideed parties involved in employment. The employer and the employee are obvious parties.The state, in ensuring a level playing field for both sides, provides the legal framework within which such relations whitethorn oblige place. In industrial relations, workers are generally delineated by their craftsmanship unions formed under chapt er 13 of Bangladesh Labor Act2006 whereas employers are represented by their associations such as Bangladesh Employers Federation. HR managers mediate the relationships between workers and employers though they are appointed by the representatives of employers. Another related term is Employee Relations.though both the terms industrial relations and employee relations are structurally resembling (Decenzo& Robbins, 1999 18), employee relations includes, in addition to industrial relations, such aspects as participative management, employee wellbeing, employee teaching, employee compensation, employee certificate and health, and the like (Aswathappa, 2008534). Generally industrial relations cover the areas such as cope unions, collective bargain, resolving power of industrial dis dresses, grievance handling procedure, role of government, grok laws, courts and tribunals and role of employers.In the context of developing countries, industrial relations has been influenced by feat ures such as high exploitation of workers, low level of worker booking in ending making, government and governmental interferences, high rate of illiteracy of workers, low level of employment, low level of awareness among the confinementers regarding rights, laws, and manage unionism, and low labor productivity (Khan &Taher, 2008 222-23). Industrial relations plays an important role in establishing and maintaining industrial democracy (Monappa, 2004 9) and it is the key to improve productivity in industrial enterprises (Aswathappa, 2004 534).Human resource management can play vital roles in enhancing cooperative and friendly industrial relations. In Bangladesh, collective bargaining on pay between employer and workmen is verboten in the public sector enterprises as the government designs uniform pay and benefits for the employees of all public sector enterprises (Mahmood, 2008). The limited scope of collective bargaining in the public sector of Bangladesh influences the trade unions to develop network with government, political parties and other powerful bodies in organizing their activities.It hinders effective interactions between the representatives of employers and workers at enterprise level. Though procedure based pay is considered to brace significant impact on employee performance (Dessler&Varkkey, 2010 15), it is not at all practiced by the public sector enterprises in Bangladesh. As a result, public sector enterprises in Bangladesh have been incurring huge losses. On the other hand, all types of collective bargaining takes place at enterprise level in case of private sector enterprises (Khan, 1996).Mahmood (2008) mentioned that the industrial relations process in the private sector was often disturbed by links between private and public sector unions. Objectives a) To explore the differences between public and private sector industrial enterprises of Bangladesh with respect to overall status of IR. b) To put forward policy implications of ove rall improvement in IR of Bangladesh. Industrial Relations Studies in Bangladesh Khan (1986) studied industrial relations in Bangladesh with supernumerary emphasis on trade unionism. treat totalitysTrade Union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals such as protect the integrity of its trade, achieving higher pay, increasing the number of employees an employer hires, and better working conditions. An organized association of workers in a trade, group of trades, or profession, formed to protect and gain their rights and interests. A group of employees in a particular sector, whose aim is to negotiate with employees over pay, job security, working hours, etc. using the collective power of the members.The approximately common purpose of these associations or unions is maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment. Causes of organizing trade unions Provision of benefits to members professional training, legal advice and repres entation for members is still an important benefit of trade union membership. Industrial action Trade unions may enforce strikes or resistance to lockouts in furtherance of particular goals. Political activity Trade unions may promote legislation favourable to the interests of their members or workers as a whole.To this end they may pursue campaigns, undertake lobbying, or financially go individual candidates or parties. Conditions of employment and any grievances are settled through trade unions. Bargaining rights Trade unions bargain and ensure the status, rights, pays and demands of workers of the modern world of industry. Contribution in economical growth Trade unions are growing rapidly in an scrimping because of the expansion of business and economical growth. Objectives Trade unions are the only when panache to manage, compliant, and control the labour force. Lots of objectives are there to organize trade unions.To defend or improve the wages and working conditions of w orkers and to bring about a change in the economic order. 2. To strengthen their (labour) bargaining power collectively to establish and achieve all their rights. 3. To dully protect all other interest of the workers . And from the managements point of view the objectives as written a) To reduce the number of negotiation. b) To specify work rules, disagreements and grievances to give the better solution to workers claim. c) To establish the competent communication between the employers and management to enforce the predictable standards.To enhance the overall organizational effectiveness workers can also be sometimes inspired to form and organize trade union. In fact, objectives of a trade union are not defined rather these are changing according to the need of the economy and overall industry. When these objectives are not settled then the rivals are started History of Trade Unions The Pakistan Period (1947-71) -The East Pakistan Trade Unions Act, 1965 was enacted repealing the Tr ade Unions Act, 1926. -The Labor Disputes Act, 1965 was enacted. -Industrial Relations Ordinance, 1969 was enacted compound the above two Acts.The Industrial Relations (Amendment) Ordinance, 1977 liberalized the Rights of Freedom of Association -The Labor Policy of 1980 restored the right to freedom of association to a considerable extent -In 1982 the war machine regime banned trade union activities, strikes, and right of freedom of association. Limitations In Bangladesh Trade Unions have a lot of unavoidable problems 1. Lack of consciousness Trade union are not actually completely aware about employees legal rights and duties. 2. Lack of Unity In Bangladesh trade unions are separated for political influence. 3.Lack of knowledge The workers of Bangladesh dont have enough knowledge about their rights and duties. 4. Political influence In Bangladesh, trade unions work a part of political parties not as a free right saving association. 5. Division of trade union Bangladesh is a count ry where every organization has much trade unions in name only. The overall productivity got down. Suggestions Strengthening bilateral collective bargaining for solving problems quickly and effectively. Multiplicity of trade union creates the rivals in a union. So it must be reduced. Political involvement must be reduced.Organization must support financially as trade unions support the worker. Training programs under trade union should be helpful to develop the skills of the workers. Trade unions function should be increased and widened throughout the organization. Union leader must be given importance and encourage the members. If trust between workers and management increases, productivity increases. Management must help and guide trade unions to settle industrial clashes and crisis. Trade unions always should demand reasonable thing to the management. . What is a dispute?Academically speaking, industrial dispute refers to any conflict between employees and employers, between emp loyers and employers and between employers and employees. But in reality, dispute is understood as the conflict between employees and employers. There are three types of Disputes Disciplinary disputes Grievance disputes Industrial disputes According to Industrial Dispute Act, 1947, Industrial dispute means any dispute or difference between employers and employers, or between employers and workmen, or between workmen and workmen, which is connected with theemployment or non-employment or terms of employment or with the conditions of labour of any person.Causes of Industrial Disputes Some of the prominent causes of industrial disputes may be listed thus Employment The list here includes disputes over wages, allowances, bonus, benefits, working, condition, unjust dismissals, retrenchment of workers, methods of job evaluation, changes in methods of production, non-implement of awards of tribunals, etc.The National Commission on Labor remarked though on majority of occasions indus trial disputes were based on claims pertaining to the terms and condition of employment, sometimes economic issues of a general character dominated and, on occasion, purely motives. The causes of industrial disputes can be broadly classified into two categories economic and non-economic causes. The economic causes will include issues relating to compensation like wages, bonus, allowances, and conditions for work, working hours, founder and holidays without pay, unjust layoffs and retrenchments.The non economic doers will include victimization of workers, ill treatment by staff members, sympathetic strikes, political factors, indiscipline etc. Wages and allowancesSince the embody of living index is increasing, workers generally bargain for higher wages to meet the rising cost of living index and to increase their standards of living. In 2002, 21. 4% of disputes were caused by demand of higher wages and allowances. This percentage was 20. 4% during 2003 and during 2004 increased up to 26. 2%. In 2005, wages and allowances accounted for 21.8% of disputes.Personnel and retrenchmentThe personnel and retrenchment have also been an important factor which accounted for disputes. During the year 2002, disputes caused by personnel were 14. 1% while those caused by retrenchment and layoffs were 2. 2% and 0. 4% respectively. In 2003, a similar trend could be seen, wherein 11. 2% of the disputes were caused by personnel, while 2. 4% and 0. 6% of disputes were caused by retrenchment and layoffs. In year 2005, only 9. 6% of the disputes were caused by personnel, and only 0. 4% were caused by retrenchment.Indiscipline and violenceFrom the given table, it is evident that the number of disputes caused by indiscipline has shown an increasing trend. In 2002, 29. 9% of disputes were caused because of indiscipline, which rose up to 36. 9% in 2003. Similarly in 2004 and 2005, 40. 4% and 41. 6% of disputes were caused due to indiscipline respectively. During the year 2003, indisci pline accounted for the highest percentage (36. 9%) of the total time-loss of all disputes, followed by cause-groups wage and allowance and personnel with 20. 4% and11.A similar trend was observed in 2004 where indiscipline accounted for 40. 4% of disputes. BonusBonus has always been an important factor in industrial disputes. 6. 7% of the disputes were because of bonus in 2002 and 2003 as compared to 3. 5% and 3. 6% in 2004 and 2005 respectively. Leave and working hours Leaves and working hours have not been so important causes of industrial disputes. During 2002, 0. 5% of the disputes were because of leave and hours of work while this percentage increased to 1% in 2003. During 2004, only 0.4% of the disputes were because of leaves and working hours.The miscellaneous factors include Inter/Intra Union Rivalry Charter of Demands Work Load Standing orders/rules/service conditions/safety measures Non-implementation of agreements and awards etc. Collective Bargaining Collective bar gaining includes not only negotiations between the employers and unions but also includes the process of resolving labor-management conflicts. Thus, collective bargaining is, essentially, a recognized way of creating a system of industrial jurisprudence.It acts as a method of introducing civil rights in the industry, that is, the management should be conducted by rules rather than arbitrary decision making. It establishes rules which define and restrict the traditional authority exercised by the management. greatness to employees ? Collective bar aining develops a sense of self respect and responsibility among the employees. It increases the strength of the workforce, thereby, increasing their bargaining capacity as a group. Collective bargaining increases the morale and productivity of employees.It restricts managements freedom for arbitrary action against the employees. Moreover, unilateral actions by the employer are also discouraged. Effective collective bargaining machinery st rengthens the trade unions movement. The workers feel motivated as they can approach the management on various matters and bargain for higher benefits. It helps in securing a prompt and fair settlement of grievances. It provides a flexible means for the adjustment of wages and employment conditions to economic and technological changes in the industry, as a result of which the chances for conflicts are reduced.It becomes easier for the management to clear issues at the bargaining level rather than taking up complaints of individual workers. 2. Collective bargaining tends to promote a sense of job security among employees and thereby tends to reduce the cost of labor turnover to management. 3. Collective bargaining opens up the channel of communication between the workers and the management and increases worker participation in decision making. 4. Collective bargaining plays a vital role in settling and preventing industrial disputes.Collective bargaining leads to industrial peace i n the country 2. It results in establishment of a harmonious industrial climate which supports which helps the pace of a nations efforts towards economic and social development since the obstacles to such a development can be reduced considerably. 3. The discrimination and exploitation of workers is constantly being checked. 4. It provides a method or the regulation of the conditions of employment of those who are directly touch on about them.

Meaning of Life and Dream Boy Essay

Dream Boy is a pains written by Natalia Genie, a high school student at A. S. T. Rafael Villeda, also known as Faike, was her inspiration. Faike was a 17-year old teenage boy who suffered from bone buttcer. Faike was a very beta person in Natalias life as well as in mine, and for many, many other people. During his struggles battling heapcer, Natalia got inspired to write this song about him and his vexed-hitting life fight. Its a very emotive song, that has touched a lot of peoples hearts. Its a song people comprehend to when missing or thinking about Faike.First, the title Dream Boy is an inspiration to believe in that no matter how hard life gets or how complicated it seems to be, you just cant give up on your dreams. You have to dream big, try not to be so realistic in life. I used to ask myself Why is this happening? Why were you the chosen one? And I used to believe that this was never goanna happen. plainly now I see it did is the songs lead. It tells you about how you never imagine someone you love and bursting charge about having a really severe and fatal illness.This indite represents the beginning of the journey when no one could understand that something so terrible could happen to someone so close to us and no one knew why it had to happen to him. The song continues with And I bet it must be hard. And I know that you are strong. And you exit stand up when you fall. Its a pattern of the author having a conversation with Faike on how he inspires us and how proud we are of him because we all know his strength. Also, makes us realize that he is not a quitter and how he can fight to be in the top. The chorus goes like this So Dream Boy, have faith in Him boy.He is taking care of you. So why dont you dream, dream, Dream Boy. Why dont you dream, boy dream. It is one of the most important lines of the song that represents many things. When Natalia sings the invent Him she is talking about God. Showing him God is by his side as well as all th e people who care about him are. That God can make everything happen and we all should have faith in Him. She is also telling him to dream. Dream is a very broad word, but in this encase it means to have faith that a miracle can come to light, to keep on living his life to the fullest.Also, that he should have big hopes and dreams and cancer cant get in his way into becoming the best person he could be, and to achieve anything he wants in his life. If you keep smiling your heart will brighten. And the joy will burn the pain. He gave you the heart of a lion to keep you strong and brave. These verses imply if he gets all depressed about the occurrence he has bone cancer, he will even feel worse than the pain he has. So, if he believes that its oer and that he lost his battle, he will worsen and feel that there is no point in even trying.Then again, if he lives like if the cancer was not there, he will feel better about himself and what is going on in his life. When the author wrote Heart of a lion, she gave double meaning to it. The first connotation is that the lion is the strongest in the animal kingdom, meaning he is brave, strong and a fighter. The second one is for his favorite team in the world Olimpia, being the lion the teams mascot. Its a struggle what your going through. And you must fight with all your might. And I know that its scary and I know that its hard. But its fine. Youll be alright. Cause he is by your side. Hes by your side. These verse means that we really dont know what he is going through but we know its harsh. Its not something that is going to be cured from one day to another. Its something really hard to get through and to battle with everyday of his life. So the only thing left to do is to fight with everything youve got. Besides all of that, he is going to be fine. If he dies, its going to be fine. Its really sad, but he is going to be in a better place where pain is not felt anymore. If he survives, he will be with us and God wi ll never leave his side. So he will forever and a day be fine, with or without us. She is reaching out.Theyre reaching out. Were reaching out. Youre reaching out. He is reaching out. Natalia uses the disparate pronouns to describe every different people reaching out for him. She is reaching out referring to Mother Mary. Theyre reaching out means all the kids that are battling cancer all over the world. Were reaching out is all the people that love him including family, friends, girlfriend and everyone praying for him. Youre reaching out refers to himself, Faike. He is reaching out means God. any for Faike to reach out for him to keep him going, to keep him trying not to give up to win this horrible, painful, and ugly battle.In conclusion, Dream Boy is the song. It is Rafael Villedas song. only for him, telling his life story and his tough battle. It symbolizes how strong he is, how a great fighter he is. When people listen to Dream Boy the only thing that pops in everyones head is Faike. Sadly Rafael Villeda passed away in November 20, 2012 it was the saddest day in a lot of peoples lives and we have this song to remember how strong of a person he was. He is an inspiration of perseverance and now he is our angel in heaven that showed us how to be a dreamer and a believer.

Negotiation Between Countries

I motivation to do that from three different fronts, that is to say Cultural differences in communication The imitates of communication between the countries are different even though tooth countries communicates basically in side of meat language as an authorized language of communication. Communication in this sense can be verbal or non-verbal. Non- verbal also Includes written communications. Nigeria has over 400 languages but English language Is the accepted lingua franca. The united States has other native languages but English Is still the accepted language of communication.Though I provide communicate in English with my American line of reasoning partners but I must also understand that the instruction the Americans write and pronounce some words is different from the way we write and pronounce our words in English language. The American counterparts for instance will write the word favor as favor but I will write the word favor as favor because Nigeria was colonized b y the British, so we take our language after the British pattern of report and communicating.Nigerian are exclusion minded in communication we will tend to see how the conversation does not align with what we already accredit and would usually want the American counterpart to align with our own position of knowledge. The American partner will instead communicate based on an Inclusive mindedness they will rather want to know how what I am saying makes sense. American look for the sense In the conversation, does the numbers tally, are the figures correct, so they have a broader descry to the conversation.Also Most Nigerian communication style follow after the collectivists culture (Grove & Hallowed 1994) Collectivists convey negative feedback indirectly via an intermediary or by hushed withdrawal of a perquisite. Sometimes they omit saying some(prenominal)thing thats negative. If you are managing employees in (or from) a collectivist culture, you might not find out whats going disparage in your operation until the proverbial eleventh hour theres deep reluctance to upset group harmony by ailing you the bad news.This representation we would rather not say no to you openly even though we disagree, but we will rather let the conversation go on pacifically until we have another time to object to most of the Initial points of our conversation. My American partner would rather tell It the way It Is If It doesnt go down with them. (Grove & Hallowed 1994) They pattern after the Individualist culture In conversations. Generally speaking, American culture communication style are usually Comfort talks, they are emotionally clinical and practical in approach, their interactions are usually very direct and open.They dont hide any cards off the table, they play all the cards on the table. further when it comes to reactions, they react to issues analytically and they remain persistent in their analysis until otherwise convinced. These are the factors that influences how Americans communicate. Cultural differences in duologue and conflict-resolution Lets think of a scenario of dialog with our U. S. partner for a presentation from an IT company overseas. The American makes his presentation very apt and technically done by expressing his overwhelming objective points and reasons why the product is silk hat for my company in Nigeria. Well, we would say the presentation is brilliant but I still do not trust this guy. He thinks objectively while I think subjectively, so our negotiations can either stall or proceed based on how we handle this cultural differences between our cultures. (Mimicked, 2010) To most Americans, difference is a threat, they will naturally tend to overlook similarities and take note of the difference when they first begin the negotiations. We Nigerian are looking for similarity with what we already know and experience, similarity makes us comfortable in the negotiation.During negotiations with Americans, you must understand that they hate silence, and they would often interrupt you at intervals during negotiations, while that is rude in my country, to interrupt psyche while he is still talking, the Americans have that as a normal way of life. Cultural differences in problem-solving and decision-making In terms of problem solving, the American approaches it from a highly objective point of view, they would naturally first carry out a critical analysis of the problem and then cake decisions based on the facts on ground.While we Nigerian usually make decisions based on sentiments sometimes, we decide to enter a business agreement when we feel intuitively inclined to do so, there is mostly no objective reason except we feel convinced inside that this is a good buy so we make the capital decision. I would first seek an understanding of the cultural differences that have been highlighted earlier. After which I will approach the negotiation objectively, knowing that is how my American partner thinks.I will also approach most of our negotiation room an individualist point of view while also letting my American friend understand the collectivist point of view. My approach would be to achieve a win-win situation. In my country I can afford to have a win-lose situation during negotiations but I understand that the American is highly objective and would not go by my sweet talks or by my expressing an overwhelming emotional conviction almost the business I am trying to sell to him. So my thought pattern will naturally change from when negotiating with my fellow country man.The factors of negotiation and business allegations to consider in this case would be Listening skills- I will expect to be more active in listening so that I get the objective point the American is making rather than rely on my emotions to guide my decision making in the negotiation. People skills I need to feel comfortable with our differences and not look hard for similarities between us before I connect with the A merican counterpart. BATAAN I must establish what the beaver Alternative To Negotiated Agreement is. This is vital to my than what I may have done otherwise. The BATAAN is what I can or might do if an agreement cannot be reached.This is my last position in case an agreement is difficult to reach. Have a Plan I would consider having a plan ahead of the negotiation. My plan would in all likelihood include the following (Yachted, D ND) Trying to establish the negotiating style of the other party. This helps me think through how best to communicate and go through the process of negotiation and making educated guesses as I go along. What are my spare-time activitys? This is gives me a perfect reason to answer the question of why? Before the negotiation. What is my real interest? What are the interests of the American confederate?I must understand where y American partner is coming from what are the shared interests we have and what are the contend interests. Opposing interests is what I must negotiate. What do I have that I can trade that is of lesser value to me and of higher value to the American Partner? This helps me consider the options in the give and take phase of the negotiation. I must know beforehand what I can trade off at any time during the negotiation that is of a lesser value to me and of a higher value to my partner. What are three options I can implement to move the negotiation from compromising to joint problem solving?

Empathy: Emotion and People Essay

All of us throw had compaction for single thing or some opposite in our lives. Our sympathetic witnessings toward something is empathy. It is a basic requirement for all human macrocosms. It is natural for us to take for an empathic response towards things. Empathy is a very mightily tool towards our perceptional distress. It is hard for us to stand firm the power of empathetic feelings. When we feel empathy we feel another(prenominal) the great unwasheds emotional distresses. We yield to feel sympathetic towards the agency or the person. When empathy comes into play we try to solve the problem and mete out the other persons perspective on the problem. An empathetic person feels what the other person is feeling and why. One can be empathetic towards fictional situations and characters. Empathy is an emotion that we strive to satisfy even if it means stakeing our lives or being very uncomforad fitted.Empathy is an emotion telln in battalion as young as twelve months. Our empathy builds as we grow older. An important aspect of empathy is to be able to consider the viewpoint of another person. This is as well as known as perspective taking. This is why slew risk their lives to restrain somebodys life or comely save someone from harm. Usually people who risk their lives to save people ar very empathetic of people. lot who posses a small-scale level of empathy towards people lean to not take as much risks for the sake of solving a problem. But some people find it quite necessary to satisfy their empathetic emotions. This breed of people obviously take much risks . When you animadvert how another person perceives an event and how he or she feels as a result, this is called taking an imagine other perspective.When we see on the intelligence operation that an innocent bystander was harmed, we take an imagine other perspective. This forges us feel empathy for the person, even though we may have never heard or seen of the person before until the news reported it. Imagine self is when one imagines themselves personally being in the situation. Both imagine other and imagine self perspectives go hand in hand. When one feels for a persons problems and tries to imagine how he or she feels, one tends to also imagine themselves in the same situation. These perspectives bring out the empathy that we possess. Those who take the imagine other perspective ascertain relatively pure empathy that motivates altruistic behavior. The imagine self perspective also produces empathy however it is accompanied by feelings of distress that arouse egoisticmotives that can actually interfere with people being unselfish about their thoughts.Another perspective of empathy is conceive of. This is when our empathy is for something that is not real. This is a very occurring situation to most people. People act emotionally to the joys and sorrows of an imaginary person or thing. When people watch a poor movie, people sometimes cry and feel for t he person, even though the situation is not real. When we read a sad or depressing book or hear about a sad fair tale, we take the imagine other and imagine self perspectives to a fantasy situation just as we would a real life situation. The only difference being is you cant physically put yourself into home to help the fantasy situation, as with the real life situations, one can physically help the situation. We exponent think that children have the tendency to have empathetic thoughts about fantasy situations much than adults. This is not true. Adults experience the same kind of empathetic feelings towards fantasy situations. When I went to see the movie TITANIC two summers ago, I observed that the whole audience was crying. Women, children and even men were crying. Even though the movie was a fantasy people still felt for the characters.Humans differ greatly in their ability to experience empathy. somewhat people argon highly empathetic and feel distress whenever they encount er someone else is distressed. It doesnt take whether its real or fictional. People who are highly empathetic more motivated to lift social disapproval or feelings of guilt. Some people are not very empathetic at all. These people are unaffected by anyones emotional state but their own.. People with low levels of empathy will avoid helping people because the costs are high and they can escape responsibilities easily. Genes accounting system for about a third of the differences in people in affective empathy. Presumably, learning counts for the remaining differences in empathy. Our experiences in our life help us learn either affective empathy or non-affective empathy.The kind of experiences that are involved in our ability to have affective empathy is by a mothers oestrus and by clear and forceful messages from parents telling how others are affected by hurtful behavior. When parents discuss emotions with their children, the come apart their ability to realize becomes. Whenpar entsw are abusive or use anger to control their kids, their ability to empathize with the world drops tremendously. Women tend to empathize with the world more than men. This could either be because of genetics or because women have different socialization experiences than men. We tend to be more empathetic to people who are most alike ourselves. This happens because we can relate to people who are much like ourselves. When disasters occur similarity to self comes into play. If one has been involved in a similar disaster, one is more likely to be empathetic towards the situation.. have for approval is an important aspect of helping behavior. People who want to be praised for their good deeds in general empathize with the world quite well. Empathy is higher in people who help with emergency situations. People who are very altruistic descibe themselves as being very responsible, socialized, conforming tolerant , self controlled, and wanting to make a good impression. Obviously peopl e who help others in emergency situations are believe that it is just the right thing to do. People that have empathy for others see themselves as socially responsible for people in emergencies. To look the other way is not being responsible. One cant presuppose that someone with low levels of empathy would not help somebody in a particular emergency situation.It is just more likely people that have little empathy will look for someone else to help before they do. It also depends on the severity of the situation at hand. It is easy to see how the media reacts to how people react during emergency situations in todays society. When bystanders fail to act, the media focuses on the lack of concern among uncaring people. When a bystander does to the emergency the media emphasises on how an ordinar person can suddenly become a hero to the public. This gives people with empathy all the more priming to act and give people with little empathy a good reason to at least try and do something for the sake of not being looked down on by the media.Empathy is a very powerful emotion that some(prenominal) of us possess. It is a very natural emotion that even infants have. Empathy comes in many forms. Taking an imagine other perspective and the imagine self perspective is something we do everyday in one form or another. Empathy comes in many forms. We empathize for the smallest things. Some of us are not veryempathetic at all. This is seen as a bad thing by todays society and media. But people with low empathy doesnt necessarily mean they are cruel people. The substance for empathy plays a crucial role in differentiating those who behave in prosocial behavior and those who do not. It is safe to say that people who are concerned with their own personal welfare and not others are unempathetic people to our society. We essential remember that empathy is present in all of us. It just depends on the person and their life experiences whether they will show empathy for situations .

Sex Slaves in Nepal

light up the World of Modern-day Slavery Speech by Lisa Kristine Speech Review by Kitty XUE composition ? Lisa Kristens speech astonished the audience by simply presenting lives of slaves all over the world, and it is undoubtedly a successful one her voice low and grave, full of sympathy and grief her photos soundless yet visually and emotionally virile.Perhaps because Kristen has seen all these slaves with her own eyes, she talks in a way that makes people feel that these stories atomic number 18 no longer lives of mere strangers in some remote country, but lives of someone that the audience cognise oflives of ordinary people, who should incur had a peaceful flavour. Her speech leaves people ashamed of their ignorance about the seriousness of the breathing slavery in the modern world. Among various groups of slaves witnessed by Lisa Kristen were devolve on slaves in Nepal. The story of a sex slave in Nepal usually starts with poverty.In a country where half of the populatio n is unemployed, young girls and their family members be easy lured by the argumentation promises made by the so- hollered job hunters. Poor young girls follow the job hunters in the hope of getting a well-paid job, and a decent life in big cities interchangeable Kathmandu. Very often, however, they end up in a filthy hell known as the confine restaurant. There, they are trafficked as sex slaves. Curtains are drawn to provide privacy for each style in the restaurant, or to be more precise, to provide privacy for the customers sexual badgerings.The girls are expected to do food and drinks to these rooms, but more importantly, to satisfy the male customers demands so that the sale can boost. Eventually, the girls will have to, willing or not, start prostitute themselves to entertain the money payers (Mavrich, City in Focus Kathmandu, Nepal). Girls that go down to comply are often physically intimidated by the cabin owner some are said to have been hit by wires, rods and hot sp oons (Ruffins, Rescuing Girls from Slavery) others are threatened with defamation, blackmailing and police harassment (Regmi, Plight of Cabin Keepers).Some girls who had been rescued revealed that they had to serve twenty to twenty-five men a day (Trenwith, The outrage side of Nepal sparks a womans crusade). People are certainly moved and re-educated when they hear about the life stories of the slaves, for it hurts to see and hear about those coarse hands, dust-covered faces and vacant looks. But what about afterwards? ordain people still care, or will they go back to their comfortable home and gradually lead about the shock they once experienced during the speech because they have their own family and jobs to worry about?Or to think even further, when few people will be affected by slavery, should this be a world concern? The answer would be yes. This has nothing to do with personal interests, or the defense of modernism, not even the development of the society. Its all about hu manitythe reason why people call themselves human beings. When colonialism was replaced by democracy, we call it progress, for the meaning of freedom, equality and humanity was realized and therefore fulfilled.Now the same acknowledgment is needed to fulfill them, so that the human race progresses rather than goes backwards. Few people are powerful enough to change slavery directly. However, as long as the seriousness of modern slavery is kept in mind and spread the information, just as Lisa Kristine did with her camera and microphone, attention will be aroused, the annoyance side will be pressured, and those with the power to change the situation directly will be pushed. whole kit Cited Mavrich, Bret. City in Focus Kathmandu, Nepal. Exodus Cry. om. Exodus Cry, 2012. Web. 14 Oct. 2012 http//exoduscry. com/prayer/city-in-focus/kathmandu-nepal/ Regmi, Shibesh Chandra. Plight of Cabin Keepers. ActionAid Nepal (2004). Childtrafficking. com digital Library, Dec. 2004. Web. 18 Oct. 2012 http//www. childtrafficking. com/Docs/action_aid_2004_plight_of_cabin_keepers_15. pdf Ruffins, Ebonne. Rescuing Girls from Slavery. CNN Heroes. CNN, 30 April. 2010. Web. 14 Oct. 2012 http//edition. cnn. com/2010/LIVING/04/29/cnnheroes. koirala. nepal/index. html

Martin Luther King Jr., “Letter from Birmingham Jail”

The pressure of racial requisition was reaching a boiling occlusion in 1963 in Birmingham, aluminum. subsequently world arrested for his part in the Birmingham Campaign, Dr. Martin Luther pansy younger wrote an rude earn in response to A C either for Unity, written by ogdoad white clergymen from Birmingham. kings Letter from Birmingham Jail is a true call(a) for unity, as he clearly states and smirchs step to the fore facts that the clergymen film omitted from their garner. world power is clearly non looking to stoke the fire of segregation he was yet looking to solve the situation at hand and trying to peacefully end racial segregation in the United States. A Call for Unity, written in early April 1963 (Jonathan, 12-18). Discussion later years of segregation and in enoughity, one man stood up and fought for what was right. This man spoke of dreams and for what he felt as morally right, ethically right, findfully right and sensationally right.This man spoke of free dom, brformer(a)hood and equality among all muckle, no matter what race they were. He brought forth facts and emotions to America that was being felt by the pitch starkness community, which was being treated so badly. This man was Martin Luther world power Jr. a clergyman and civil rights leader, who afterward was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work. King opened the eyes of America to a broader sense of understanding, to a wider receive of the inequality and hate that almost each black person had to live through at that quantify. After several peaceful protests King was arrested for demonstrating in defiance of a court order, by participating in a parade, he was then taken to Birmingham jail (Leff & Utley, 8-9). There in the jail, King wrote a letter to 8 fellow clergymen in response to a letter they published in a newspaper.King explained in the letter why he did the things he did, and why that had to be feigne the way that they were. Kings Letter from Birmingham Ci ty Jail was written on April 16, 1963. Eight Alabama clergyman wrote an open letter that questioned Kings methods and suggested that he use the court system as a representation for change. Kings letter was a reply that was meant to respond to the clergymen and spread his beliefs (KaaVonia, 10-15). In his letter, he responds to roughly of his criticisms, such as his demonstrations, govern action, and his timing.He, then, explains his motives for acting, and why they were on the buttonified. Argument about Justice and injustice His attitude in the letter changes, at the root he is submissive to the clergys criticism at the end he begins to criticize the clergy. This letter was symbolic of a movement, and all the injustices it faced. King uses rhetoric by manipulating language and openhearted to the emotions of the reader. In Martin Luther King Jrs A Letter from Birmingham Jail addresses octonary white clergymen from Birmingham, Alabama, clearly states eight arguments.King uses epigrams as a device to make sure the reader st sneezy comprehends his message. In the beginning paragraphs, King states what brought him to Birmingham and why he is justified in being there. In his argument he alludes to Apostle Paul, and provides shadowy factual operational information about the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Even if the reader does not know who Paul is or c ar about the SCLC, he can st sick-abed understand Kings message because of the epigrams he uses (Baldwin & Burrow, 111-118). In summing up what brought him here King vocalises, Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.In answering why he is justified in being in Birmingham, King says, Anyone who lives in the United States can never be considered an foreigner anywhere in the country (King, 122-128). Now the reader knows through the use of epigrams that King was brought there because there is injustice in Birmingham and that he has a right to be in Birmingham because he is an American a nd Birmingham is an American City. Blacks are waiver through a literally tough time during this Negro revolution in 1963 and Dr. King accentuates the point by the use of strong diction, which set the tone of the letter.For ensample, Dr. King elucidates the reason his people cant wait for their rights and thats because hate-filled constabularymen curse, kick, brutalize, and withal kill his black brothers and sisters and that basically most white people torment them any chance they line. In the letter written by the clergyman they say (like it was something new), that they were now facing demonstrations led by outsiders (King). religious appeals in Kings latter King wants them to know that he is not really an outsider but the president of The Southern Christian Leadership Conference with an affiliation in Birmingham.He wants to point out that he not completely has organizational ties but also was invited to participate in the direct action program in Birmingham in support of d esegregation. In the course of the letter, King uses philosophical, religious and historical examples to get his points across. In order to gain control of the reader Martin Luther King Jr. includes vivid images of cruel acts that African Americans in Birmingham endured. Concerning this unsettling time in society King could have described many of the shocking and unsportsmanlike acts that he encountered on a daily basis.Instead he portrayed these situations by postulation rhetorical questions about women, children and loved ones bringing the hardships Negroes faced into the lives of men of all cultures. It does not matter if you are black, if you are white, if you are Asian, if you are Hispanic, or if you are a mixture of any race, through Kings haggling you could imagine yourself in any of the situations he describes. With the ability to touch the reader on not only a personal level, but also an intimate one Martin Luther King Jr. began to bridge the falling out between the races (Jessica, 222-225). King consistently brought up the point of morality.Pointing out that certain things are moral and other things arent. For example King talked about having two different drinking fountains or having blacks sit at the underpin of the bus, saying that it just wasnt morally right. And that morally right would be to have unity and brotherhood among all people. King tries to show the difference between just and unjust equitys, it is because of these two terms that we can power breaking some laws, and obeying others (King, 122-128). Segregation in his eyes is and unjust law because it disturbs the soul and damages the constitution (King, 122-128).These are both qualifications of an unjust law. Society today is filled with unjust laws. In many schools females are still prohibited from joining a football team, because the school believes they do not have what it takes. By not allowing this person to join the team they are taking away a part of her personality, a piece of who she is and denying her to bear witness it. King also discusses another perspective of just and unjust laws. He explains that an unjust law is made up by a majority of people whom staff office a nonage to follow this law however the law is not binding on themselves.A just law is one that a majority makes and is also willing to follow themselves. Thus showing that is the only fairly law is one that affects all citizens in an equally just way. King states how the Apostle Paul carried the gospel of deliverer Christ over the land, and thus compares himself to him. One way King addresses the eight clergymen and justifies his presence in Birmingham is by comparing himself to the Apostle Paul. He is trying to take the gospel of freedom over the land of America. This thinker relates to peoples emotion because most people are religious and believe in God and Jesus Christ.By examine himself to the Apostle Paul strikes deep emotion in most people, and almost saying that he is trying to do the work of God by trying to achieve true freedom, this analogy is a expectant example of pathos and Kings use of these appeals to the emotion through examples and figurative language (Carson, Holloran, Luker, Russell & King, 10-15). King uses pathos not just from the Bible but also by evolving ideas from World War II We should never forget that everything Adolf Hitler did in Germany was legal and everything the Hungarian freedom fighters did in Hungary was illegal.It was illegal to aid and comfort a Jew in Hitlers Germany. Even so, I am sure that, had I lived in Germany at the time, I would have aided and comforted my Jewish brothers. If today I lived in a Communist country where certain principles dear to the Christian faith are suppressed, I would openly advocate disobeying that countrys antireligious laws (King, 122-128). Here King refers to all the unworthy laws that Hitler created in Germany before World War II. He cites how, It was illegal to aid and comfort a Jew in Hitlers Germany.He is using this example to compare Germanys laws against Jews to separate but equal law of the time against black people (Jessica, 222-225). Creating ethos is a way for a writer to gain the trust of the reader. It can be utilise to show the effectiveness of ones writing the writers credibility. King illustrates this quality of ethos when he explains his professional titles I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization operating in every southern state, with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia.We have some eighty-five affiliated organizations across the South, and one of them is the Alabama Christian movement for Human Rights. Frequently we share staff, educational, and financial resources with our affiliates (King, 122-128). Here King shows his credibility by citing what his organization, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, which is in every southern state, does (Baldwin & Burrow, 111-118) . Further more(prenominal), Martin Luther King explains to the clergymen in the letter that they have been misinformed on the situation and that not all is alright.King quotes the clergymens original letter which commended the Birmingham police for their great efforts in keeping order and preventing violence, King is quick to correct them that they would have not commended the police force if they viewed the gruesome violence which occurred that day firsthand. King concludes the paragraph with. I cannot join you in your praise of the Birmingham police department (King, 122-128). This statement comes off as a very bold statement to the clergymen after nurture the details of the violence previously.Paragraph cardinal of Kings latter In paragraph fourteen he uses emotional reference when he says when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and overcome your sisters and brothers at whim (King, 122-128), he doesnt call them Negro, so that the audience could r elate to them. He wants them to know how a black man feels always feeling like nobody and being afraid. In the next nightspot paragraphs he describes in detail the difference between a just law and an unjust law.This time he uses religious leaders such as St Augustine, St Thomas Aquinas, Martin Buber and Paul Tillich as examples to get his idea across. He says that a just law is a man made code that squares with the moral law or the law of God (King, 122-128). In paragraph 23, he begins to criticize the white moderates People who say they agree with segregation but do not want the Negro people to demonstrate because they don t want their lives disrupted (King, 122-128).King says that these people are worst than the Ku Klux Klan and other people of ill will, because of their shallow understanding (King & King, 45-48). Lastly, King provides a very good insight for the uninformed in his letter from jail. King states that he wished that the clergymen had actually realized who the real heroes were that day. King had received a letter from a white man from Texas saying that he will reach his equal rights eventually but that maybe he is in too much of a religious hurry.King states that time are not the cure to all maladies, and that his people must use their time more effectively than the people of ill will. King seems to have a perfect response to all arguments thrown at him, but no(prenominal) appear to be flawed of course. There was no other way for the black community to get their point across because they were not being listened. There is no point in this letter where King incites violence, if anything he completely against it and will stop at nothing to ensure that there is no more violence (Leff & Utley, 8-9). Letter from Birmingham Jail is one of the most touching pieces of writing. All of Kings Arguments are effective, particularly in paragraph fourteen. This letter at times can be hard to read because King gives real life examples of what it is actually like to be black and living in the 60s south.This letter sparks a realization, which people have never recognized before reading this, this latter showing the terrible and disgraceful intercession of the black community. Conclusion A Letter from Birmingham Jail was an opportunity for Martin Luther King Jr. o express to the public his views and the views of other African Americans throughout the South. The effects of Kings experiences depicted by his use of language resulted in radical changes for African Americans throughout the nation. It was a bigger victory to sway the Alabama clergymen than to change the take heed of a stubborn group of white males, because it proved that the typical southern white male is equal in every way shape and form to that of an African American. Martin Luther King Jr. Once said, I have a dream and dream he did.

Aristotle Ethics Essay

Aristotles Nicomachean Ethics provides a sensible account for what true good moralness is and how whizz may go ab stunned attaining it. Aristotle covers human beingsy topics that help reach this conclusion. One of them being the conceit of mean between the extremums. Although Aristotle provided a reli competent account for many philosophers to follow, Rosalind Hursthouse along with many others finds lose ends and topics which layabout be easily misinterpreted in Aristotles writing.Aristotle explains his concept of mean between the extremes by the following paraphrase In everything that is continuous and divisible it is possible to take much than, less, or an equal amount, and that either in toll of the thing itself or relatively to us and the equal is an medium between excess and break (Book II. 6, p. 1747 l. 25-28). here he defines human virtue as an arrangement or disposition to behave in the matureeousness manner or as a mean between the extremes (excess and defic iency).However, later he continues to add how this mean or intermediacy is not the same for every person. A mean, according to Aristotle is determined by unmatcheds needs and capacity. Not everyone has the same mean hence everyone does not have the same needs or capacities. The mean, Aristotle goes on to explain, is relative to the person, not the object. It has to be relative to not simply you as a person, moreover also relative to your situation, not just your opinion.If ten pounds be alike much for a specific person to eat and two too petite, it does not follow that the trainer will order sixsome pounds for this also is perhaps too much for the person who is to take it, or too little- too little for Milo, too much for the beginner in athletic exercises. (II. 6, 1747 l. 36-39) According to Aristotle, there is a right dish out or an objectively correct mean for everyone when you take inot account their situation. Aristotle tries to paint a picture of how one should go ab out determining this mean in a situation.He provides several examples and instances and horizontal presents the excess, defect and mediocre in each for the reader to analyze. Briefly, Aristotle classifies the mean as being the main characteristic in achieving excellence. He explains how moral excellence so-and-so only be attained through figuring out these excesses, deficiencies and intermediates. He also adds in how simply going these three is not everything, just now feeling them at the right time, the right place, in the right situation, etc is just as important.For instance, both fear and confidence and proneness and anger and pity and in general pleasure and pain may be felt both too much and too little, and in both cases not well but to feel them at the right times, with reference to the right objects, towards the right people, with the right aim, and in the right way is what is both intermediate and best, and this is characteristic of excellence (II. 6, 1747, 1106 l. 1 9-23). In book two, chapter seven, Aristotle begins to form an outline of general means that every person should be aw ar of.He talks about anger, pride, honor, the giving and taking of money, etc. By discussing these subjects he constructs an outline of summary of these states to help one better understand the principles behind attaining moral virtue. In chapter ogdoad of book two, Aristotle discusses how one extreme may be surrounding(prenominal) to the mean than the other. He gives two reasons for this one being drawn from the thing itself and the other from ourselves. In other row, when he states for because one extreme is impendent and liker to the intermediate, we oppose not this but rather its contrary to the intermediate.E. g., since rashness is thought liker and nearer to courage, and cowardice more unlike, we oppose rather the latter to courage for things that are further from the intermediate are thought more contrary to it? another is drawn from ourselves for the th ings to which we ourselves more natur entirelyy tend seem more contrary to the intermediate (II. 8, 1750, 1109 l. 4-14), he implies that when assessing the mean in relevance to the object itself, it can be seen that sometimes it falls close set(predicate) to one end than the other. For example, as Aristotle explains, a coward lies further away from the mean (having courage) then rashness does.In a way, being rash implies being courageous because one who is rash does not think too severely before acting therefore shows courage, even though he/she does so in an mazed way. On the opposite end, someone who is referred to as a coward shows no courage and does not act courageously but rather chooses to hide and do nothing. The second method Aristotle discusses is related to ourselves and what we assume to be closer to the mean. He says that the things we more or lessly tend to do are the things we con boldnessr further from the mean.In other words we con stancer ourselves to be wanti ng(p) in a soul because what we do seems to be the flip side of the intermediate. He says that since the extreme which is furthest from the mean is that which is the most contrary to the mean we describe the things we are most likely to lapse inot as contrary to the intermediate. In addition, referring back the courage example, people know that we are more likely to be cowardly than rash, so we are more aware of being deficient in courage. Aristotle goes on to discuss how one may figure out what extreme the mean is closer to.He says that to do so, one mustiness follow three rules 1) avoid the extreme which is furthest from the mean, 2) pecker what errors we are most likely to commit and avoid them diligently, and 3) be wary of pleasure because it often slows or blurs our judgment. If these three rules are obeyed, Aristotle says that we shall be able to hit the mean between the extremes. When Aristotle uses the bent stick example, he is just showing a comparison between someone dr agging themselves away from the bad extreme and trying to straighten a bent stick.They are both hard to do but they must be done for the overall candid. When you straighten the bent stick, you are drawing it away from one side and bringing it back to the middle, just as one must do with themselves. Rosalind Hursthouse does a very good enough job in discussing Aristotles concept of phronimos. Hursthouse believes that the phronimos is different from a person who is not sincerely yours innoxious but nonetheless hits the mean between the extremes on a particular occasion in the sense that the phronimos is a master in all the v-rules presented by Aristotle in his account.It is these v-rules that help the phronimos be as good at making decisions and making the right choices as Aristotle suggests he is. Hursthouse says that even though these v-rules exist, they do not capture what gives the phronimos his special knowledge. wherefore, she goes on to say What is special about the phroni moss knowledge is the especial fellow feeling he brings to these rules, his unique mastery of the concepts involved. All the difficult work, one might say, is done by this high-performance understanding, not by the rules themselves.To lack phronesis is to lack such mastery so these rules, the v-rules, cannot be fully understand by those lacking phronesis (13). So pretty much, even though a person can toil these rules and then hit the mean between the extremes after following them, he is still not doing that as well as the phronimos can because he/she is not capable of truly understanding those rules for what they are. Hursthouse thinks that there is no set code for the phronimos to follow. This code, often referred to as the v-rules discussed earlier, are not guidelines because they are not very hard to comprehend.They are only statements of simple moral virtue that anyone who has had a decent reproduction knows to some extent. Therefore she argues, how can these rules be a cod e for the phronimos when it is so far ahead of the normal person and sees what normal, non virtuous individuals cannot. This debate was primarily between the generalists and the particularists. The generalist said that the phronimos must know a code but the particularist denied it. Since the phronimos does not attain virtue through a code, Aristotle explains that his virtue is due to a proper upbringing mixed with the right lectures in adult hood.In other words, unless someone does not have the right childhood and does not learn the appropriate and virtuous ways of life during this childhood, he cannot grow up and attain phronimos by listening to a philosophers lectures because he is not equipped with the right tools to truly understand the essence of moral virtue. As Hursthouse states, Phronesis-excellence in practical reasoning, moral knowledge- can be acquired only by habitually engaging in virtuous action, not, for example, just by learning a indite code of conduct (16).This st atement holds true because once again, the phronimos differs from the normal non virtuous man not because he knows this code of conduct but because he knows how to properly interpret and apply it to life and his surroundings. He knows what to witness for in every situation whereas someone that only has a general understanding does not know what to look for. That is how the phronimos is able to make certain decisions that an ordinary person may not be able to make.Therefore, the phronimos not only has knowledge of these code-like rules, but he has special knowledge. Given the nature of virtue, it can be said that Aristotle does not give the best account one can in regards to moral living because he focuses too much on phronimos. His concept of phronesis seems to be unattainable almost because he repeatedly states that it cannot be attained through normal means. In a way he even insults philosophers by saying that a person cannot attain this perfect moral virtue through their lecture s.another(prenominal) reason is because Aristotle relies too much on emotions to get a person through. Kant argues this by saying that emotions are not everything. Reason is just as important if not more because it provides a way to hold those emotions inot a logical explanation or even to better understand them. Aristotle incorporates reason inot his work but stresses emotions even more so. Aristotle has provided a very strong base frame for moral virtue. He covers all the main concepts and points that should be noted.However, there are many lose ends in his work as well. He does not go inot much detail about the different situations that can arise when trying to do what is morally virtuous. However, overall Aristotle provides an accurate account. Aristotles Ethics are the ground work for many philosophers in trying to understand what moral virtue truly is. He provides a definition of what every man should try and achieve (phronimos). Many philosophers not only argue his points bu t also agree with them. At the end of the day, it is he who set the main rules for virtue.

Manage Risk Essay

The reason the investigation was conducted was to gauge what was both good and bad just about the new caf opening, what needs to be changed in order to increase efficiency at work and any(prenominal) legislative laws involved. The conduction of the investigation was done in a way to view the aspects of staff members, the community, management and the government This investigation has been conducted in a way which sees the aspect of management, staff members, governments, and the community. A opportunity or threat of damage, injury, liability, loss, or any other negative occurrence that is caused by external or privileged vulnerabilities, and that may be avoided through preemptive action. 2.Finance The probability that an actual re vacate on an investment testament be lower than the expected return. Financial endangerment is divided into the following categories Basic risk, Capital risk, body politic risk, Default risk, Delivery risk, Economic risk, Exchange rate risk, Interes t rate risk, Liquidity risk, Operations risk, earnings system risk, Political risk, Refinancing risk, Reinvestment risk, Settlement risk, Sovereign risk, and Underwriting risk.3.Food industry The possibility that due to a certain reckon in food there exit be an negative effect to a certain magnitude. 4. policy A situation where the probability of a variable (such as burning down of a building) is cognize but when a mode of occurrence or the actual value of the occurrence (whether the fire will occur at a particular property) is not. A risk is not an uncertainty (where neither the probability nor the mode of occurrence is known), a menace (causeof loss), or a hazard (something that makes the occurrence of a peril more likely or more severe). 5.Securities trading The probability of a loss or purge in value.Trading risk is divided into two general categories (1) Systemic risk affects all securities in the same class and is linked to the overall capital- food market system and the refore cannot be eliminated by diversification. Also called market risk. (2) Nonsystematic risk is any risk that isnt market- tie in or is not systemic. Also called nonmarket risk, extra-market risk, or unsystemic risk. 6.Workplace Product of the second and probability of a hazardous event or phenomenon. For example, the risk of developing cancer is estimated as the incremental probability of developing cancer over a lifetime as a result of video to potential carcinogens (cancer-causing substances). actionScopeRisks are found in all organizational activities.The background toilet this report is to manage the current risks that are currently effecting the MacVille Cafe, Toowoomba and to enhance any opportunities available to the organization. The purpose of this risk assessment is to identify risks related to the MacVille Cafe, Toowoomba. The risk assessment will be utilized to identify risks related to the cafe. During inspection of the organisational premises, many risks have b een identified as potential high-risk.Goals1) Put a Policy and Procedure in place by putting this in place and having a hard copy available. sort of of having Mr. Hurley address this manually each week, all staff will have will have something to turn to on a daily basis if they werent at the cafe when Mr. Hurley was present. 2) Train staff in water use by giving the staff proper training in relation to the water usage at the cafe, this will help water waste reduction and will help the organisation out financially. 3) Renovate the Cafe By renovating the cafe, fit-out will look inviting and refreshed. Replacing any old, broke and seismic furniture, and removing old carpet, will benefit the organisation by decreasing and accidents where staff and customers are concerned. 4) Water armored combat vehicle Installation by having a water tank installed, it will allow more savings on the water bill, which will benefit the organisation in manyfinancial ways. The cafe can compile rain water and substitute that for mains pressure water for cleaning and washing purposes.5) Increase of Sales Promotions by back up the staff to get involved with these promotions, this will bring many financial benefits to the organisation. Risk management goals and objectives should be consistent with and supportive of the enterprises business objectives and strategies. Therefore, the organizations business model provides an of the essence(p) context for risk management. Accomplishing and saying these goals helps enliven the caf and enhance the wholesome spirit we want to project.These goals are long term, ongoing and ever evolving as we grow and learn our business, and are in no particular order 1. To maintain positive balance in our lives so that the business rounds us out and reflects our values. 2. To embody the meaning of hospitality through a strong, reliable staff. 3. To offer our community wholesome foods that are satisfying, great tasting, and worth all penny. 4. To have our employees and customers feel appreciated, supported and satisfied, every time they come in. 5. To support local, independent business and the commonwealth community through buying locally, keeping it simple and in season. 6. To remain connected to our community with our kind-hearted giving. 7. To have this business comfortably support our employee family in all ways possible.