Internalism vs Externalism :: essays research papers

Internalism vs. ExternalismKnowledge can be achieved either through the exculpation of a true popular opinion or for the substantive externalist, through a natural or righteousness like connection between the law of what is believed and the persons belief (P.135). Suppose a man named George was introduce with a stoppage at birth, which causes him to utter the judgment of conviction in a rare Russian dialect. His girlfriend Irina, who happens to speak the same Russian dialect, realizes that both cartridge holder she taps his shoulder, he tells her the time and he is always right. She knows that he is right because she checks her watch. Because she thinks this is cute, she never tells him what it is that he is saying. One day, Irinas watch breaks only instead of getting it fixed, she just taps George on the shoulder whenever she need to ask for the time. We may ask ourselves whether it is appropriate to claim that George has knowledge of the time every time he utters it. Th e answer is NO. Irina has been amused by his Russian utterances and has thus never told him what the words he says mean in English. So if Irina were to ask George what time it was, in English, he would be ineffective to tell her without looking at a watch or clock. This is collectible to the fact that when he speaks the time in Russian, his mind is not rightfully referring to the time. The chip implanted in his brain clearly calculates the time on its own, not requiring the use of any of his bodily functions. The only interaction that the chip would have with George is to cause him to utter the appropriate numbers. So, since his brain is not concern in any calculating processes and all he does is utter the time in a foreign language, it is clear that George does not understand what he is saying. Without understand, it is obvious that he cannot form a belief based on what he are saying. If the requirement for knowledge is a true belief that is either justified or connected by na tural law to a factual truth, then in the absence of a belief, in that location can be no knowledge. We may also ask ourselves whether Irina knows the time. The answer once again is NO. She believes that she knows the time because whenever she has tapped George on the shoulder, he has habituated her the correct time.